ABSTRACT
Understanding the hotspots attracting massive crowds is a huge necessity during this pandemic times. The knowledge of analyzing crowds will help to plan and avoid the spread of the virus to a large extent by identifying exact hotspots. Understanding where the crowds flock and whether they are following the guidelines or not will help in taking appropriate actions, allotting concerned personnel in advance, and closing of areas which are at higher risks can be advantageous. In order to realize the situation, real-time analysis of the pandemic rules like social distancing, wearing masks is necessary. This paper proposes the use of video surveillance and provides a combined application to check the factors necessary during crowd situations as per rules set by the Government. This work uses python as a coding language, and YOLOv4 algorithm along with various libraries like darknet to improve video and image analysis for the identification of exact requirements. This work also uses Cuda software and Cudnn library for the acceleration of processing. The paper proposes importantly, counting people passing through a particular area, detecting whether people are following social distancing, detecting if the participants are wearing a mask, and counting the number of vehicles passing through an area. The knowledge of analyzing crowds will help to plan and avoid the spread of the virus to a large extent by identifying exact hotspots. All the applications are connected to the graphical user interface (GUI) and depending on the input each application proposed considers different analysis. The types of input are image, video, image directory and live feed are considered to obtain better results. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Manual vehicle counting is often tedious, expensive, and time-consuming. While automatic counting from CCTV allows for annual average daily traffic estimation, CCTV files in the Philippines are not available to the public and do not fully cover all road extents. In this study, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques are employed to use readily available satellite images to obtain vehicle count in selected road segments in the Central Business Districts of Quezon City before and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Using the existing Google Earth Images, a segmentation algorithm using ENVI Feature Classification was developed to allow remote counting of vehicles from the earliest image in 2018. The devised algorithm was able to delineate, identify, and classify according to the types of vehicles that are visible on the image. An average error rate of 12.24% was found by comparison of automated counts and manual counts on the images, while a regression analysis yielded a value of R2 Combining double low line 0.9227 that denoted a strong relationship between automated and manual counts. Vehicle density was calculated, and percent differences were obtained to determine the relative differences of the vehicle counts from the vehicle count of the earliest image taken in 2018. It was found that the vehicle density declined by at least 81% by March 25, 2020. The methodological framework presented in this study provides estimates of vehicle counts and vehicle density. It can be further improved if vehicle counts, on the same location and period, from field validation surveys are available. © International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives